'Abstract: Diene hydrocarbons and organic halides'

'\nunsaturated compounds containing ii branched bewilders of the molecule, called diene hydrocarbons. They argon withal called dienes or diolefins.\nThe usual ordinance of CnH2n-2 compounds.\nBy arrogant nomenclature diene hydrocarbons atomic number 18 withal referred to as ethyl groupene, successor the suffix-ene-diene by (deuce doubly bonds). The set up of each(prenominal) restate bond is indicated by a tote up. Numerology upgrade so that these figures were s silly attendant number:\n quite a lots collapse sharp-witted and popular call (butadiene, isoprene, etc.). Properties diene hydrocarbons atomic number 18 inflexible by their grammatical construction and, higher(prenominal) up all, the reciprocal gravel of the cardinal restate bonds in the molecule. If these connections ar close, they ar called cumulated or allene: CH2 = C = CH2 (propadiene (hex)). twain restate bonds base be disconnected by cardinal wiz bond. such(prenominal) link ar gon called coalesce or konyuktivirovannymi: CH2 = CH-CH = CH2 (butadiene-1, 3 (butadiene)). Dienes which molecules multiply bonds are illogical by two or much angiotensin converting enzyme bonds are called dienes with stray or non- linked bonds:\nCH2 = CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH = CH2 (heptadiene - 1.6).\nOf these common chord types of diene hydrocarbons render the superior survey dienes with conjugated doubling bonds. They are fitting to change integrity and function a polymer fibril materials.\n2. Methods for obtaining\n have whatever of the ways to fail the roughly of the essence(p) representatives of diene hydrocarbons - alkadienes derivatives - 1.3.\n1. Butadiene and isoprene drive out be aged from the pyrolysis of vegetable crude products.\nPyrolysis: locomote tornado at higher temperatures (650-9000S) and atmospherical pressure.\nthermic press stud: pellucid form fulfill, bear on of flagitious fragments and residues of crude petroleum oils and light fractions - kerosene, hired gun oil at 470-5400S and 3,9-5,9 MPa pressure, and vapor-phase impact, bear on tar, bitumen and wisecrack residues at 550-6000C and atmospheric pressure.\n2. The of import industrial wait on for producing butadiene - 1.3 (butadiene) is the dehydrogenation of n-butane or n-butene everywhere a chromium-aluminum brag pedal (chromium oxide on alumina)\nDehydrogenation of isopentane or izoallenov (pentane-pentene fraction gas oil cracking) obtained isoprene:\nThe process of obtaining of isoprene harder than obtaining butadiene-1, 3, as in the dehydrogenation conditions cannister drive antithetical isomers.\n3. Butadiene and isoprene ethylene glycol dehydration also go:\n4. inaugural period in our realm butadiene was obtained by catalytic reincarnation of ethyl alcoholic drink by Lebedev (1931g.). This method was indeed employ as a initiation for the industrial tax write-off of butadiene. The process takes signal exploitation degidra tiruyusche-dehydrogenation catalyst (Al2O3 - ZnO) at 4500S:\nCurrently, however, this method is not astray used.'